Kincardine – Summary Table

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Kincardine

Name	Value	Date	Grid Ref	Map Sources	Other forms, comments etc
Kincardine Oldtown Kirktoun	¼ davach	1609	NH 6089 NH 5989	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10) RHP 13299/38-9	GD297/217 No 60 1609; Macgill p 279, No 11, 1609. RS37/1/141v 1619. Retours (Ross) (90) 1642, (111) (1657).
Ardgay	1 davach	1609	NH 5990	RHP 13299/38	GD297/217 No 60 1609; RS37/1/141v 1619. Retours (Ross) (90) 1642 & (111) 1657. See also OPS II, II p 412. Market called ‘Feil Eiteachan’. PNRC p 3 fn. Field called ‘The Five Merks’ by Wester Ardgay in RHP 13299/38.
Gledfield or Laid Clamag Lower Gledfield Upper Gledfield	½ davach	1529	NH 5991 NH 5790	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19) RHP 3521 RHP 3522/1-2 RHP 13299/37	= Laid Clamag & numerous variants. See below. Ex Fearn Abbey (see separate table below).
Dounie		1601	NH 5690	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19)	= Dunilaern. ½ oxgang is mentioned in GD23/4/7 1637. Probably at least ¼ davach. Broch. See below.
Gruinards Easter Wester	½ davach	1558	NH 5490 NH 5491 NH 5192	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19)	SC29/1/1 f40r & f40v 1558. RSS VII (486) 1575-6. Broch. See below.
Amat (Abbot) (Strath Carron)	⅛ davach?	1467	c. NH 4789		Ex Fearn Abbey. PNRC p 6. ?=Retours (Ross) (5) 1574. Retours (Ross) (31) 1609. See below.
Ammoteglis (Strath Carron)	⅛ davach	1608	NH 4789	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19)	Ex bishopric. PNRC p 6. See below.
Annot/Amat (Strath Carron)	¼ davach	1608	NH 4790/4791	Roy(FC)	= Amatnatua? Brae Amett in Roy(FC). Ex bishopric. See below.
Diebidale (Lodge)	½ davach	1598 1623	NH 4785	Gordon(19)	Reddendo 1m in RMS VI (758) 1598 – linked with Roskeen. Ex bishopric. Watson – PNRC pp 7-8 claims a ½ davach in 1623 but I do not know where his evidence came from.
Salachie			NH 4887		Ex Fearn Abbey. Part of Gledfield. See below.
Mucarnaich					Ex Fearn Abbey. See below.
Alladale			NH 4289	Gordon(10 &19)	See below.
Achadhnamine (also Auchinamen or Auchinaben)			NH 4591	Gordon(19) OS XXV (1875)	Pasture associated with Esbolg (q.v.) in Retours (Ross) (46) 1617 etc. Athomammen (Achomammen?) in RSS VII (1842) 1578-9. Achmamynn in Gordon (19). See Macgill pp 271-2, 1618 which gives bounds. See also under Amat (Strath Carron) below.
Esbolg with forest of Friewater	1½ davachs	1657		Gordon(10 &19) Blaeu(Extima S.)	Retours (Ross) (111) (1657). See below. RSS VII (1842) 1578-9.
Achnagullan				Blaeu(Sutherland) Blaeu(Extima S.) Gordon(10 & 19)	Ex Fearn abbey in whose titles it appears as H….hmaguli. See below under Fearn Abbey. PNRC pp 21-22. On the north side of Strath Cuileannach – above Esbolg.
Invercarron	2 davachs 1 davach	1529 1652	NH 5992	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19)	See below under Fearn Abbey & above under Esbolg. 2 davachs referred to in GD297/189 1529 (Fearn Abbey title). 1 davach in GD305/1/6/1 1652.
Langwell (Strath Carron)	1 davach	1584	NH 5392	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19) RHP 13299/49 RHP 13299/51-2	RSS VIII (1977) 1584. Brae Langwell is at NH 5292. See below.
Cornhill/Knockinarrow			NH 5891	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19) RHP 13299/47	PNRC p 9.
Soyal	½ davach	1708	NH 5791	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10 & 19) RHP 13299/47	20s OE Suyell in Retours (Ross) (123) 1666 which might imply ⅜ davach since there is a little evidence for each bovate being 6s 8d (OE) in Easter Ross. Possibly in SC29/1/1 f40r & f40v 1558.
Culrain			NH 5794		Culrain later became an estate centre – see CWMF (328) 1726. PNRC p 20 – a modern name.
Carbisdale	1 davach	1590	NH 5795	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	GD93/10 1370-71. Numerous references but some of the earliest describe the davach as ‘Carbisdale & Tayninver’. See below.
Ochtow Loch an Ochdaimh	⅛ davach	1590	NC 4700 NH 4799	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	The name implies an ⅛ of a davach. It is described as an oxgate in GD93/123 1590, GD93/147 1608, GD93/165 1617 & Retours (Ross) (65) 1623. It was the western bovate of Carbisdale. RS36/2/369v 1608.
Inverhouse or Tayninver			NH 5696	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	=Tayninver. Apparently included in Carbisdale above.
Kilmachalmack	(¼ davach)	1648	NH 5098	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	GD93/10 1370-71. 3s 4d Old Extent in Retours (Ross) (65) 1623. This might indicate half an oxgang. See below.
Cairnecraft (=Cairncroit?)					3s 4d Old Extent in Retours (Ross) (65) 1623. This might indicate half an oxgang. See below.
Achnagart (Achingart)	⅛ davach	1590	NH 5498	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	It is described as an oxgate in GD93/123 1590, GD93/147 1608, RS36/2/369v 1608, GD93/165 1617 & Retours (Ross) (65) 1623. It was part of Carbisdale. See below and also under Rhelonie.
Rhelonie	⅛ davach	1623	NH 5597		Ex Fearn Abbey – see below.
Achnahanat (Achinhandache)	⅛ davach	1590	NH 5198		It is described as an oxgate in GD93/123 1590, GD93/147 1608 & GD93/165 1617. It appears to have been part of Carbisdale. RS37/7/32r 1648 – see under Kilmachalmack below.
Langwell (Strath Oykel)	1 davach	1621	NC 4100/4101	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	Retours (Ross) (57-8) 1621. Langort in RMS II (147) 1429-30. Included Amat (Strath Oykel). See below.
Amat (Strath Oykel)	(¼ davach)	1606	NH 3899	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)	Amot in GD297/198 1365. Amayde in RMS II (147) 1429-30. ALI (57) 1454. = Amat na gullan (PNRC p 18). RS36/2/30v 1606 states western ¼ of Langoll was called Annotnagullak. Amatnagullack had an Old Extent of 30s (2¼m) in Retours (Ross) (83) 1635.
Kinlochailsh			NC 3211	Blaeu(Sutherland) Gordon(10)
Doune	2 davachs	1657	NC 4400		See below.
Davachs North of R. Oykel	4 davachs	1558			SC29/1/1 f40r & f40v 1558. Between Oykel & Cassley? See text file – and also under Creich parish, Sutherland.
Total	9¼ davachs

Fearn Abbey properties in Kincardine

Sources such as ALI No 90 1467, GD 297/189 1529, Books of Assumption c. 1561 and Retours (92) 1643 show that Fearn Abbey owned a number of properties in Kincardine parish. These are:

ALI No 90 1467	GD297/189 1529	Books of Assumption c. 1561	Retours (92) 1643	See below under:
Laidelamoch	½ davach in Lochclawak	Lawch Clawethe	Lachclaveig	Gledfield
Invercarron + fishing of Bonach	2 davachs in Invercarron + fishing of Banaff on Oykel + fishing of Choro in Kincardine	Invercarron + fishing of Bonath	Invercarron	Invercharron
Amate in Strathcarron		Amot	Almet	Amat
Achnagart (now called Rulony) + fishing & ferry	Achanagart + fishing & ferry	Beloun (Rulony)		Rhelonie
Achnagullane	H….hmaguli (pasture)			Achnagullan
Brayliag-fudies or Bralugude	Braghlugudi (pasture)			Brayliag-fudies
Alveyn (forest)
Salchy (forest)	Salki (pasture)		Sallachie	Salachie
			Muckirnach	Mucarnaich

Gledfield or Laid Clamag

Bangor-Jones p 160 (quoting GD274/7/7/22 1712) states that the davoch of Gledfield comprised Leachclovag, Salachie, Clashnamuck & Kinletter. (Ross, TMC 14, p 332 gives the same total and source). Half davach in GD297/189 1529, ex Fearn Abbey. East half of Laychlawak was 2 bovates according to GD274/7/7/5 1587 – which would give a total of 4 bovates or half a davach. RS37/5/71v 1633 & GD274/7/7/1 1633 refer to eastern quarter – see also Macgill p 355 No 898 1655.

See also Retours (Ross) (20) 1606, (100) 1649, (121) 1666. In Retours (Ross) (100) 1649 it is linked with the pasture of Sallachie & M’Kernache. Boundary dispute with Dounie in GD305/1/95/181 1586.

Dounie

From GD146/22/1 1485 Donylair or Dunilaern (various spellings) is often linked with Wester (or Meikle) Kindeis in Nigg parish. In Retours (Ross) (15) 1601 & (18) 1604 they are given an Old Extent of 40s (£2 or 3m) but it is ambiguous whether this applies to both together. Retours (Ross) (108) 1655 implies it just refers to Donylairne. Kildathies (Wester Kindeis) and Donylauran are also referred to in Retours (Inverness) (127) 1613, (64) 1642 & (105) 1682. Obligation to provide 2 hunting dogs in GD305/1/95/183 1623. Boundary dispute with Gledfield in GD305/1/95/181 1586.

Gruinards

Retours (Ross) (66) 1623 says ½ Grundeard was ¼ davach. It claims it was 50s (£2 10s) Old Extent (i.e. £10 Old Extent per davach). It also links it with the salmon fishing of Polmorall (NH 515925) on the River Carron. See Macgill pp 276 & 301-2. RSS I (3967) 1528 refers to Crumzard as 5m which would be correct for a half-davach New Extent. RS37/3/168r 1625 gives Grunzeard as half a davach. RS37/7/50r 1649 gives W ¼ davach which implies ½ davach total. Retours (Ross) (187) 1664 gives Wester Grunzeard an Old Extent of £2 (3m).

(See Ross Summary text file on OE/NE).

Amat (Strath Carron)

In RMS VII (482) 1611 (original 1608) are listed Annot (Amat) at a ¼ davach and Ammoteglis at ⅛ davach (both ex-bishopric). I assume these are distinct from the lands that formerly belonged to Fearn Abbey (see section on Fearn Abbey properties in Kincardine above). The part of Amat that belonged to Fearn is called Annet-Abbot, with an extent of 2m, in Retours (Ross) (5) 1574 or Amot-Abbot, with an extent of 3m, in Retours (Ross) (31) 1609. If we accept the earlier extent as more accurate then this might indicate ⅛ davach which would give a total assessment of ½ a davach for the original Amat. Although spellings such as Annot immediately prompt speculation as to whether this was an Annat-site I think it more likely these are just mistakes. The name Amat (from Old Norse for river-junction) suits the location perfectly.

PNRC p 6 states that Ammoteglis was on the north side of the River Carron and that there “is still a tradition of a church having once stood on the ‘claigionn’ above the present Lodge”. Watson also states that Amat na’ tuath (of the husbandmen) lay south of the River Carron. The problem is that Watson’s latter statement contradicts the seventeenth-century map evidence. Gordon(10) shows Amad tua just west of Amad Heglise – which has a little cross symbol for a church or chapel. Both are on the north side of the river. Gordon(19) looks as if he originally had Amad tua on the south side of the river but has then made a MS correction to move it north of the river and to west of Amad Heglish. Blaeu’s Sutherland (1654) shows Amad tua west of Amad Heghse – both north of the river. Blaeu’s Extima Scotiae (1654) shows Amand tua west of Amand Heglis – both on the north side of the river. None of these maps shows Amat Abbot. The manuscript evidence, printed in Macfarlane’s Geographical Collections Vol. II (or on the National Library of Scotland’s Map website), is also clear in putting Amad Tua west of Amad na Heglisse – and both on the north side of the river. (See Macfarlane II pp 546 & 568).

However, in favour of Watson we have a document of 1586 partly printed in Macgill p 268 No 680. It concerns the boundaries of Dalnerny (?= Dalabheairn NH 4991/4992) and proves that part, at least, of Amot lay on the south side of the river. Places mentioned include ‘Loch of Badvey’ (Loch a’ Bhaid-bheithe in NH 5090), ‘Garrowalt’ (Garbh Allt which runs into the Carron below the Water of Glencalvie), and the hill called ‘Knockasak’ (Cnoc nan Sac in NH 4988). Macgill pp 271-2, 1618 gives Torrendrean as part of Amatnihiglisch and at the eastern border of Achadhnamine. This is marked on OS 6″ 1st Series Ross-shire (Mainland) Sheet XXV 1875 as Torran Droighinn at NH 463908.

It looks as if an original church property of ½ a davach – located both north and south of the Carron – later subdivided into 3 parts. Ammoteglis (Amat na h-eaglais) worth ⅛ davach remained church land as an endowment for the church on the north side of the river. Another ⅛ davach was gifted to the new Abbey of Fearn. I do not know where this was although presumably close by. The remaining ¼ davach was let out to laymen and became known as Amatnatua (Amat na’ tuath). This lay south of the Carron. (The terms north and south are a little confusing here because at Amat the Carron flows from SSW. It might be better to think of Ammoteglis as west of the river and Amat na’ tuath as east).

There are documents in the Ross of Pitcalnie papers (Sixth Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (hereafter HMC)) which also refer to Amat-eglis. HMC p 716 No 2, 1543 gives Annot & Amott Aegglis; No 3, 1543 gives Annot & Amott Eagglis; No 5, 1545 gives Annott & Amot Eagglis; No 10, 1563 gives Annot & Amot Eglis; No 14 1587 gives Annett & Amot Eglis. However this evidence introduces another problem. Property lists in such documents are often in a rough geographical order. No’s 2, 3, 5 & 14 above, have Annot & Amott Aegglis separated by another property – usually Strononamadde. Is it the case that the Annot here really is an ‘Annat’ – perhaps the one close to Nigg and therefore Culnaha & Pitcalnie? (See also Macgill p 265 No 675 1568 & pp 267-8 No 679, 1586). For the moment I cannot answer this. However RMS VII (482) 1611 (original 1608) deals with these lands going to Ross of Pitcalnie and I think the simplest explanation is that Annot here equals Amot.

Salachie

First described as forest, then as pasture, this was probably the shieling-ground for Gledfield. Retours (Ross) (20) 1606 implies that Fearn only owned half of Sallachie. Linked to M’Kernache (Mucarnaich) in Retours (Ross) (100) 1649. Also mentioned in Retours (Ross) (121) 1666.

Mucarnaich/Muckirnach

Retours (Ross) (20) 1606 implies that Fearn only owned half of Muikarniche. In Retours (Ross) (100) 1649 this is linked with the pasture of Sallachie and the main property of Lachclavak (Gledfield). Also mentioned in Retours (Ross) (121) 1666. There is a Mucernich at NH 3774, (head of Strath Rannoch on the west side) and a Mucarnaich at NH 2578 – but I don’t think it can be either of these. I would expect it to be a lost place-name somewhere in the neighbourhood of Salachie.

Alladale

Alladale River joins the River Carron from the West. Strathalvadale is given an Old Extent of 10s in Retours (Ross) (8) 1577. (This might indicate 1½ oxgangs but is scant evidence to go on). RMS VII (2082) 1619 mentions Alladulmoir and Alleddill-Namathrach. Gordon (10) Sutherland also specifies Allodill Beg lower down the river from Allodill Moir. Macgill p 317 mentions a tack of 1672 which refers to ‘Skyitch and Luibnasheilige’ as pendicles of Alladale. ‘Skyitch’ is probably An Sgaothach in NH 3988 by the upper reaches of the Alladale River.

Esbolg

Retours (Ross) (46) 1617 gives Esbolg (and Auchinamen) an old extent of 1m which would suggest ¼ davach. It also implies Esbolg was part of Invercarron. Gordon (10) places it on the north side of Strath Cuileannach between Rinastron and Achnagullan. I think the valuation of 1½ davachs includes other properties (cf GD297/217 No 53 (Retour) 1658). See also Macgill p 30 No 51 and pp 271-2, 1618 which gives bounds. Eshbollack in Macgill pp 282-3 No 716 1713.

Achnagullan

Achnagullane appears in ALI (90) 1467. Blaeu(Sutherland) and Gordon(10) suggest it lies on the River Einig as does the text in Macfarlane’s Geographical Collections II p 568. However the Einig is a tributary of the R. Oykel, not the R. Carron. Listed in RSS VII (1532) 1578, RMS V (411) 1582, RMS VII (2082) 1619, RMS VIII (558) 1624 (on original of 1622), Retours (Ross) (89) 1642 & (111) 1657. See also PNRC pp 2 & 21-2. Achnagullan is often given as one of a great many small places around the upper reaches of the Carron and the Oykel. For none of these do I have assessments – but see table below.

Brayliag-fudies or Bralugude/Braghlugudi

See Watson PNRC p 2.

Invercarron

GD297/189 1529 gives 2 ‘mensuras’ commonly called davachs. Invercarron was a large farm at 2 davachs but it is difficult to be sure precisely what it included. I suspect it was 2 davachs on the north side of the river only. It probably included Cornhill but not Soyal. A late sasine (CWMF (393) 1763) refers to its pendicles as Rienastrone and Torridow. (Rinastron is marked on Blaeu (Sutherland) and Gordon (10 & 19) – well upriver from Invercharron. But see also Macgill pp 332 & 337). The sasine also mentions Clacktomlinie in the parish of Kincardine. I know of no such place in Kincardine but there is such a place associated with Petkenny in Kilmuir Easter parish. RS38/2/55v 1663 refers to ½ the davach of Invercharrone, ½ Ryinnistronie & ½ Glencalvie.

(Brae) Langwell, (Strath Carron)

It is difficult to distinguish between Langwell (Strath Carron) and Langwell (Strath Oykel) when the documents do not specify which is intended.

(See also under Langwell (Strath Oykel) below). This Langwell in Strath Carron is probably the one referred to in Macgill pp 301-2 1670 as belonging to Balnagown. Since the context is a dispute about the fishing of Polmorell (PNRC p 2) this is probably the davach of Langwell which appears in RSS VIII (1977) 1584. That document links it with the wood of Skaluell (Sgodachail?), Lonmudleich, Cromlie, the salmon fishing of half Polmorall & all other salmon fishings within the bounds of Langwell.

Carbisdale

The davach of Carbisdale appears to have included the following:

Ochtow ⅛

Inverhouse or Tayninver

Kilmachalmack (¼)

Achnahanat ⅛

Achnagart ⅛

Cairnecraft?

Rhelonie? ⅛

Kilmachalmack

RS37/7/32r 1648 gives 50s lands of Kilmichalmak and Auchnahannat as parts of Carbisdale. If this 50s (or 3¾m) is a NE valuation then it probably equals ⅜ davach (1 davach = 10 merks). We know Achnahanat was ⅛ in 1590 so Kilmachalmack would be a quarter-davach.

Cairnecraft (i.e. Cairn Croft)

Retours (Ross) (65) 1623 refers to the croft and arable ground, lying next to Meikill Cairne, called Cairnecraft, on the east side of the burn called Auldualekach, within the barony of Keilmachalmack. See also PNRC p 21.

Achnagart (See also under Rhelonie)

CWMF (180) 1625 gives the boundaries of Achnagart in some detail. It was an oxgate of the davach of Carbisdale. GD93/10 1370-71 refers to Achnegorc which will be Achnagart.

Rhelonie

Retours (Ross) (65) 1623 lists both the lands of Ruyloine (ex Fearn Abbey) and 1 bovate of Davochecarbistell called Auchnagart. Each is given an extent of 20s which would be ⅛ of 10m which I think was the New Extent valuation of a davach in Easter Ross. It seems reasonable to conclude that both were 1 bovate and that Achnagart had originally been a quarterland which was then subdivided into two bovates; one being gifted to Fearn Abbey and renamed Rhelonie. However CWMF (178) 1625 refers to Roylonie paying 13s 4d Scots with 6s 8d augmentation which complicates matters. The boundaries of Rhelonie (vis-a-vis Achnagart) are also referred to in CWMF (180) 1625.

Langwell (Strath Oykel)

It is not always obvious from the sources which Langwell (Carron or Oykel) is intended. (For Langwell, Strath Carron, see above).

Langvale in Strath Oykel appears in GD297/198 1365. Langwell, Tuiteam Tarbhach and Amat were part of an estate which is further listed in RMS II (147) 1429-30 and ALI No 57 1454. By the last it was granted to Ross of Balnagown. (See also OPS II, II p 411).

RSS I (3967) 1528 refers to 10 merkland of Langoill. This figure suggests a davach – which would be valued at 10m New Extent. It is one of 5 properties belonging to the family of Balnagown – appearing after Gruinard (Strath Carron) in the list, and before Crokkane (probably Strath Oykel). It is, therefore, ambiguous as to which Langwell it is. (Both were davachs). See also GD305/1/154/72 1650.

Doune

We have references (RSS VII (1532) 1578, RMS V (411) 1582, Retours (Ross) (89) 1642, & (111) 1657) to a 6 davach estate called Dalnachtan and Doune. Retours (Ross) (111) 1657 specifies that 4 of these davachs lay north of the R. Oykel, 2 davachs to the south. Doune is at NC 4400 and the two davachs must have lain west of Ochtow which was the westernmost oxgang of Carbisdale. They probably included Oape and Brae but they may also have included some of the smaller settlements in the hill ground which lay south of Strath Oykel.

Although Dalnachtan and Doune are distinguished in the documents listed above, RS38/2/249r 1665 gives the davach of Dallanachtin alias Downe with named grazings. RS36/2/173r 1607 refers to ¾ Dallanachtane called the ‘bray’. This may refer to what is now Brae in NC 4300/4301.

RMS VII (2082) 1619	Modern Name/Comments	Grid Reference
Auchnagullane	Ex Fearn – see above.
Glaischaill	Glaschoill	NH 4492
Tormichaell	Torr Mhitcheill	NH 4293/4393
Forest of Frawatter	Freevater Forest	NH 3388/3488
Glenmoir	Glenmore	NH 4287
Glenbeg	Glenbeg	NH 3183
Drumvaiche	Drumvaich	NH 3397
Brynletter	Coille a’ Bhreun-Leitir	NH 2894
Correvulzie	Corriemulzie – See also Macgill pp 271-2, 1618 which gives bounds.	NH 3295
Knokdaill
Dovaik	Duag Bridge/Abhainn Dubhag?	NH 3397
3 Letteris: Letterinay, Letternaiche, Letterneteane (see PNRC p 22) & Corremoir within Forest of Frewatter	Upper Letters? Lower Letters? Coiremor	NH 3495 NH 3497 NH 3088
Mullache	(See PNRC p 8)	NH 2793?
Craigpolskavane	(See PNRC pp 2 &10)
Gyrissmissachie	(See PNRC p 8)
Tokach
Laikgarnay
Alladulmoir	Alladale Moir	c. NH 4289
Straithfairne
Alleddill-namathrach	Part of Alladale	c. NH 4289
Cairnehondrig	(See PNRC pp 22, 84)

Kincardine – Summary Table

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