£5 lands in Lennox

Table of £5 lands

(£5) = derived or calculated sum; italicised = more doubtful; Ratio = carucates to merklands, so 1:30 means 1 carucate to 30m (£20).

CCEW= Charter Chest of the Earldom of Wigtown. GS, Strathendrick = Guthrie Smith, Strathendrick. GS, Strathblane = Guthrie Smith, Strathblane.

Cartularium de Lev. = Cartularium de Levenax. Fraser, Chiefs = Fraser, Chiefs of Colquhoun. Reg. Cambuskenneth = Register of Cambuskenneth.

2nd Rep. RCHM = 2nd Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, London, 1871

Paisley Rental = Appendix L in Cameron Lees, The Abbey of Paisley. ILP = Inventory of Lamont Papers. RMP = Paisley Register.

Farm name	Parish	L/A (old)	Date	L/A (£)	Date	Ratio	Sources	Comments
Blochairn	Baldernock			£5	1510		Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 86
Bankell & Kirktoun	Baldernock			£5	1550		Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 180
Auchenhowie	Baldernock			£5	1618		AS II (35)
Ballindrocht	Baldernock			£5	1510		Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 86	Ex-Campsie parish
Edinbellie	Balfron			£5	1595		GD430/147 1595
Ballochearn	Balfron			£5	1595		GD430/147 1595
Auchendennan	Bonhill			£5	1621		AS I (145) 1621	Auchindonanrie
Auchindinane-Dennistoun	Bonhill			£5	1625		AS II (1313)	Other half of farm immediately above.
Cameron	Bonhill			£5	1625		Retours, Dumbarton (25)
Darleith	Bonhill			£5	1545		RMS III  (3140) 1545
Arrochy	Buchanan			£5	1633		GD220/1/D/8/4/7	See parish table
Sallochy	Buchanan			£5	1514		GD220/6/1859/6 1513/1514	See parish table
Nether Auchinreoch	Campsie			£5	1578		CCEW (No 290)
Birdston	Campsie			(£5)	1627		Retours (Stirling) (124) 1627
Hayston	Campsie			£5	1510		Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 86
Kincaid & Kinkel	Campsie			£5	1561		Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 191
Kincaid	Campsie	carucate	1238				Cart. de Lev. pp 30-1	i.e. carucate name
Balquharrage	Campsie	quarterland	1272-1292				Cartularium de Lev. pp 32-3	Part of carucate of Kincaid
unnamed	Campsie	quarterland	1381				Stirlings of Keir, No 6, 1381	= Balquharrage?
Baldoran	Campsie			£5	1557		RMS IV (1180) 1557
Muckcroft	Campsie	carucate					Cartularium de Lev. pp 37-8
Balgrochan	Campsie	carucate	1423				RMS II (165 & 166)	By Torrance
Balecorrach	Campsie	quarterland	c. 1350				Cartularium de Lev. pp 52-3
Baldow	Campsie	eighthland	c. 1350				Cartularium de Lev. pp 52	With others
Bencloich	Campsie	quarterland	c. 1350				Cartularium de Lev. pp 52
Balgrochan	Campsie	eighthland	1400				Fraser, Lennox, II, No’s 37-39	By Campsie
Ballancleroche	Campsie	quarterland	1423				Fraser, Lennox, II, No 215
Dalquhurn	Cardross			£5	1559		RMS IV (1365) 1559	A quarterland?
Cardross	Cardross	carucate	1315-21				RMS I (90) 1315-21
Kirktoun	Cardross			£5	1528		RMS III (627) 1528
Wallaceton	Cardross			£5	1620		AS I (107)
Kilmahew	Cardross	quarterland?	c. 1294				OPS I p 27
Milndovan	Cardross			£5	1553		RMS IV (811)
Keppoch	Cardross	quarterland	1353	£5	1511-12	1:30	Fraser, Lennox, II, No 20 RMS II (3712)
Colgrain	Cardross			£5	1620		AS II (98) 1620
Cumbernauld	Cumbernauld			£5	1538		CCEW (No 77)
Gartacharn	Drymen			£5	1660		GS, Strathendrick, pp 303-5
Blairnavaid	Drymen			£5	1546		Stirling Retours (3)
Blairoer	Drymen			£5	1596		GD47/36
‘Waster Ballat’	Drymen			£5	1663		GD47/168	=Wester Ballat
Auchentroig	Drymen	quarterland	<=1425	£5	1625	1:30	Cartularium de Lev. pp 75-6, 76 Retours, Dumbarton (25)
Craigievern	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 43-4
Balfunning	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 29-30	Balfunning Douglas?
Balfunning	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 43-4	Easter Balfunning?
Blarindess	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 75-6, 76	Now lost?
Gartclachach	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 75-6, 76	Gartclach
Kepdowrie	Drymen	eighthland					GD198/3
Finnich Blair	Drymen	quarterland		£5	1545	1:30	Cartularium de Lev. pp 45-6 RMS III  (3140) 1545
Finnich Drummond	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 45-6
Unnamed Finnich	Drymen	eighthland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 54-5	Finnich Malise?
Cameron	Drymen	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 86-87
Cameron	Drymen	eighthland	c. 1373				Fraser, Lennox II, No 29	Subdivision?
Gartachorrans alias Conachra	Drymen	quarterland	<=1274	£5	1516-17	1:30	Cartularium de Lev. pp 83-6 GD220/1/E/4/4/7 1516/1517
Gonachan	Fintry			£5	1565-6		GD220/1/F/6/6/7 1565-6
Kilmannan	Killearn	carucate	1388				Fraser, Lennox, I, pp 28-9	NS 5179
Renroy	Killearn	eighthland	1342-62				Fraser, Lennox, II, No 21	c. NS 5085/5086
Garcher	Killearn	eighthland	1342-62				Fraser, Lennox, II, No 21	c. NS 5085/5086
Croy	Killearn	quarterland		£5	1646	1:30	Cartularium de Lev. pp 79-81 Stirling Retours (185) 1646
Killearn1	Killearn	Half-carucate	c. 1250				Cartularium de Lev. pp 35-6	‘Lecheracherach’
Killearn1	Killearn			£5	1550		RMS IV (517)
Ballikinrain	Killearn			£5	1545		RMS III  (3140) 1545
Nentbolg/Glenboig2	Killearn	Half-arachor	c. 1250?	(£10)	16/17C.	1:30	Cartularium de Lev. pp 34-5	Half-arachor
Nentbolg Ferdane	Killearn	quarterland	c. 1350				Cartularium de Lev. pp 53-4
Portnellan Ardoch Tullochan	Kilmaronock	3 x quarterland	c. 1333-1364				Cartularium de Lev. pp 55-56	These 3 quarterlands match 3 x £5 units following.
Portnellan-Galbraith	Kilmaronock			£5	1545	1:30	RMS III  (3140) 1545
Portnellan-Halyday	Kilmaronock			£5	1545	1:30	RMS III  (3140) 1545
Ardoch	Kilmaronock			£5	1545	1:30	RMS III  (3140) 1545
Killermont	E. Kilpatrick			£5	1583		GD86/264
Achinross	E. Kilpatrick	half-carucate	1377-8				RMS I (651) 1377-8
Akencloy Nether	E. Kilpatrick	¾ carucate	c. 1285				2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14	Auchincloich3
Clobar	E. Kilpatrick	quarterland	c. 1285				2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14
Barrachan	E. Kilpatrick	quarterland	c. 1285				2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14
Barnaferkylyn	E. Kilpatrick	quarterland	c. 1285				2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14	Barloch?
unnamed	E. Kilpatrick	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. p 27	In Auchincloich
Kilmardinny	E. Kilpatrick			£5	1505		Fraser, Chiefs, II, No 53
Ledcameroch-D	E. Kilpatrick			£5	1674		AS I (563) 1674	D=Douglas
Baljaffray	E. Kilpatrick			£5	1552		RSS IV (1571) 1552
Mains of Balvie-D	E. Kilpatrick			£5	1643		AS II (719) 1643	D=Douglas
Cartonvenach4	E. Kilpatrick	carucate					Cartularium de Lev. pp 26-7	= Gartconnel
Gartconnel	E. Kilpatrick			£5	1501		RMS II (2648)
Dalmuir	W. Kilpatrick	quarterland		£5	1559	1:30	Cartularium de Lev. p 42 RMS IV (1365) 1559
E. or Little Kilbowie	W. Kilpatrick			£5	1465		Paisley Rental pp lxx, lxxvi
Auchinleck	W. Kilpatrick			£5	1465		Paisley Rental p lxix
Cochno	W. Kilpatrick	half-carucate	1234				RMP pp 165-6	Not the whole farm.
Kilsyth	Kilsyth	1½ carucates	1217				Fraser, Lennox, II, No 202
‘Church land’	Kirkintilloch	half-carucate	<1195				Reg. Cambuskenneth No 132
‘Church land’	Kirkintilloch	oxgate	c. 1210				Reg. Cambuskenneth p xxx
Wester Mains	Kirkintilloch			£5	1598		CCEW (No 170)
Auchinvole	Kirkintilloch			£5	1654		AS II (853) 1654
Easter Gartshore	Kirkintilloch			£5	1623		AS II (160) 1623	But see notes in Kirkintilloch table.
Badenheath	Kirkintilloch			£5	1546		GD8/137 1546
Bannachra	Luss			£5	1625		Retours (Dumbarton) (25) 1625
Strone & Letter	Luss			£5	1558		Fraser, Chiefs, I, pp 119-120
Aiden	Rosneath			£5	1568		ILP No’s 261-2
Knokdorre-M’Kynne	Rosneath			£5	1548		RMS IV (245) 1548
Letrualt moir	Row			£5	1545		RMS III  (3140) 1545
unnamed	Strathblane	half-carucate	c. 1240				Fraser, Lennox, II, No 7	=half-arachor
Mogadavacros	Strathblane	quarterland					Cartularium de Lev. pp 38-9	c. 1270-92
Mugdock-Michell	Strathblane	(quarterland)	1503	(£5)	1512	1:30	RMS II (2711) 1503 GD220/1/E/4/4/6 1512
Cuilt	Strathblane			(£5)	1495		GS, Strathblane, p 81

 

 

¹ Killearn’s early half-carucate and later merkland valuations do not match. As a half-carucate we might expect it to be worth £10 Old Extent. Instead it is worth £5. I think the likeliest explanation for this is that in the intervening three centuries it had split into two quarterlands.

² The 3 parts of Glenboig came to 15m in the 16th and 17th centuries so I think the conversion rate between arachors and merklands in Killearn matches the rest of Lennox.

³ in Gaelic ‘arachor’. See also Cartularium de Levenax, pp 38-9. See text file ‘Davachs in Lennox?’.

⁴ I think this is the same as Gartconnel – see under text file ‘Problem Names’ for full discussion. Gartconnel was later a £5 land which just means that a quarterland of the original carucate retained the name. The other three quarterlands are probably to be found among Gartconnel’s immediate neighbours.

 

 

Retours (Dumbarton) (19) 1617 and (75) 1684 both refer to 2 bovates of Gartness. The terms bovate and oxgate are generally absent from Lennox and since this evidence is relatively late I have omitted it from the above table.

 

Since the pennylands of Lennox are confined to (the old) Rosneath parish I have not entered them in the above table. See tables for Rosneath and Row parishes and ‘Pennylands in Lennox’ map for further details.

 

 

What conclusions can we draw from the above table?

There is enough evidence to be confident that, for most of Lennox, a carucate was £20 (30m) Old Extent and that a quarterland was £5. We have at least 10 concrete examples of this. It is also clear that an arachor, a carucate and a ploughland were, at least in the thirteenth and fourteenth centures, regarded as equivalent.

I am not sure that the situation in the western parishes of Luss and Arrochar was exactly the same. Here it is possible that a carucate was £40 OE.

 

I am also not sure that we have fully resolved the problem of Old Extent. In Eastern Cowal, Bute and Arran I think one pennyland or davach was worth 6m Old Extent. In much of the rest of mainland Argyll they were worth 4m Old Extent. There are parishes in Lennox (e.g. Kilmaronock & Row) where we are given a sense that 6m units (or multiples or divisions of 6m) were important. We also have a hint of this in some of the earliest charters and rents for Strathblane. £20 lands (and their divisions) are not universal. There is a sense in which we can see them as a sort of feudal overlay or combination. (Precisely the same could be said for the Clyde Islands, Cowal and Kintyre). Is it possible that £20 estates do not actually represent the oldest extent? That an arachor was originally valued at 6m some time between about 1136 and 1200 and subsequently revalued at £20? That although arachors remained consistent throughout Lennox, merklands did not? Unfortunately this creates yet further problems. If we have two properties valued in merklands – but with one of ‘older’ extent than its neighbour – then how can we compare them? How can we even be sure which extent a property is valued in?

 

In general terms the only fact we can really establish is that a carucate or arachor was, at some stage, valued at £20 or 30m. We may question whether this was the ‘oldest’ extent but on the basis of the data we have we can do no more.