£5 lands in Lennox

Table of £5 lands

(£5) = derived or calculated sum; italicised = more doubtful; Ratio = carucates to merklands, so 1:30 means 1 carucate to 30m (£20).

CCEW= Charter Chest of the Earldom of Wigtown. GS, Strathendrick = Guthrie Smith, Strathendrick. GS, Strathblane = Guthrie Smith, Strathblane.

Cartularium de Lev. = Cartularium de Levenax. Fraser, Chiefs = Fraser, Chiefs of Colquhoun. Reg. Cambuskenneth = Register of Cambuskenneth.

2nd Rep. RCHM = 2nd Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, London, 1871

Paisley Rental = Appendix L in Cameron Lees, The Abbey of Paisley. ILP = Inventory of Lamont Papers. RMP = Paisley Register.

Farm name Parish L/A (old) Date L/A (£) Date Ratio Sources Comments
Blochairn Baldernock     £5 1510   Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 86  
Bankell & Kirktoun Baldernock     £5 1550   Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 180  
Auchenhowie Baldernock     £5 1618   AS II (35)  
Ballindrocht Baldernock     £5 1510   Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 86 Ex-Campsie parish
Edinbellie Balfron     £5 1595   GD430/147 1595  
Ballochearn Balfron     £5 1595   GD430/147 1595  
Auchendennan Bonhill     £5 1621   AS I (145) 1621 Auchindonanrie
Auchindinane-Dennistoun Bonhill     £5 1625   AS II (1313) Other half of farm immediately above.
Cameron Bonhill     £5 1625   Retours, Dumbarton (25)  
Darleith Bonhill     £5 1545   RMS III  (3140) 1545  
Arrochy Buchanan     £5 1633   GD220/1/D/8/4/7 See parish table
Sallochy Buchanan     £5 1514   GD220/6/1859/6 1513/1514 See parish table
Nether Auchinreoch Campsie     £5 1578   CCEW (No 290)  
Birdston Campsie     (£5) 1627   Retours (Stirling) (124) 1627  
Hayston Campsie     £5 1510   Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 86  
Kincaid & Kinkel Campsie     £5 1561   Fraser, Stirlings of Keir, No 191  
Kincaid Campsie carucate 1238       Cart. de Lev. pp 30-1 i.e. carucate name
Balquharrage Campsie quarterland 1272-1292       Cartularium de Lev. pp 32-3 Part of carucate of Kincaid
unnamed Campsie quarterland 1381       Stirlings of Keir, No 6, 1381 = Balquharrage?
Baldoran Campsie     £5 1557   RMS IV (1180) 1557  
Muckcroft Campsie carucate         Cartularium de Lev. pp 37-8  
Balgrochan Campsie carucate 1423       RMS II (165 & 166) By Torrance
Balecorrach Campsie quarterland c. 1350       Cartularium de Lev. pp 52-3  
Baldow Campsie eighthland c. 1350       Cartularium de Lev. pp 52 With others
Bencloich Campsie quarterland c. 1350       Cartularium de Lev. pp 52  
Balgrochan Campsie eighthland 1400       Fraser, Lennox, II, No’s 37-39 By Campsie
Ballancleroche Campsie quarterland 1423       Fraser, Lennox, II, No 215  
Dalquhurn Cardross     £5 1559   RMS IV (1365) 1559 A quarterland?
Cardross Cardross carucate 1315-21       RMS I (90) 1315-21  
Kirktoun Cardross     £5 1528   RMS III (627) 1528  
Wallaceton Cardross     £5 1620   AS I (107)  
Kilmahew Cardross quarterland? c. 1294       OPS I p 27  
Milndovan Cardross     £5 1553   RMS IV (811)  
Keppoch Cardross quarterland 1353  

£5

 

1511-12

 

1:30

Fraser, Lennox, II, No 20

RMS II (3712)

 
Colgrain Cardross     £5 1620   AS II (98) 1620  
Cumbernauld Cumbernauld     £5 1538   CCEW (No 77)  
Gartacharn Drymen     £5 1660   GS, Strathendrick, pp 303-5  
Blairnavaid Drymen     £5 1546   Stirling Retours (3)  
Blairoer Drymen     £5 1596   GD47/36  
‘Waster Ballat’ Drymen     £5 1663   GD47/168 =Wester Ballat
Auchentroig Drymen quarterland <=1425  

£5

 

1625

 

1:30

Cartularium de Lev. pp 75-6, 76

Retours, Dumbarton (25)

 
Craigievern Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 43-4  
Balfunning Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 29-30 Balfunning Douglas?
Balfunning Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 43-4 Easter Balfunning?
Blarindess Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 75-6, 76 Now lost?
Gartclachach Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 75-6, 76 Gartclach
Kepdowrie Drymen eighthland         GD198/3  
Finnich Blair Drymen quarterland    

£5

 

1545

 

1:30

Cartularium de Lev. pp 45-6

RMS III  (3140) 1545

 
Finnich Drummond Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 45-6  
Unnamed Finnich Drymen eighthland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 54-5 Finnich Malise?
Cameron Drymen quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 86-87  
Cameron Drymen eighthland c. 1373       Fraser, Lennox II, No 29 Subdivision?
Gartachorrans alias

Conachra

Drymen quarterland <=1274  

£5

 

1516-17

 

1:30

Cartularium de Lev. pp 83-6

GD220/1/E/4/4/7 1516/1517

 
Gonachan Fintry     £5 1565-6   GD220/1/F/6/6/7 1565-6  
Kilmannan Killearn carucate 1388       Fraser, Lennox, I, pp 28-9 NS 5179
Renroy Killearn eighthland 1342-62       Fraser, Lennox, II, No 21 c. NS 5085/5086
Garcher Killearn eighthland 1342-62       Fraser, Lennox, II, No 21 c. NS 5085/5086
Croy Killearn quarterland    

£5

 

1646

 

1:30

Cartularium de Lev. pp 79-81

Stirling Retours (185) 1646

 
Killearn1 Killearn Half-carucate c. 1250       Cartularium de Lev. pp 35-6 ‘Lecheracherach’
Killearn1 Killearn     £5 1550   RMS IV (517)  
Ballikinrain Killearn     £5 1545   RMS III  (3140) 1545  
Nentbolg/Glenboig2 Killearn Half-arachor c. 1250? (£10) 16/17C. 1:30 Cartularium de Lev. pp 34-5 Half-arachor
Nentbolg Ferdane Killearn quarterland c. 1350       Cartularium de Lev. pp 53-4  
Portnellan

Ardoch

Tullochan

Kilmaronock 3 x

quarterland

c. 1333-1364       Cartularium de Lev. pp 55-56 These 3 quarterlands match 3 x £5 units following.
Portnellan-Galbraith Kilmaronock     £5 1545 1:30 RMS III  (3140) 1545  
Portnellan-Halyday Kilmaronock     £5 1545 1:30 RMS III  (3140) 1545  
Ardoch Kilmaronock     £5 1545 1:30 RMS III  (3140) 1545  
Killermont E. Kilpatrick     £5 1583   GD86/264  
Achinross E. Kilpatrick half-carucate 1377-8       RMS I (651) 1377-8  
Akencloy Nether E. Kilpatrick ¾ carucate c. 1285       2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14 Auchincloich3
Clobar E. Kilpatrick quarterland c. 1285       2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14  
Barrachan E. Kilpatrick quarterland c. 1285       2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14  
Barnaferkylyn E. Kilpatrick quarterland c. 1285       2nd Rep. RCHM p 166, No 14 Barloch?
unnamed E. Kilpatrick quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. p 27 In Auchincloich
Kilmardinny E. Kilpatrick     £5 1505   Fraser, Chiefs, II, No 53  
Ledcameroch-D E. Kilpatrick     £5 1674   AS I (563) 1674 D=Douglas
Baljaffray E. Kilpatrick     £5 1552   RSS IV (1571) 1552  
Mains of Balvie-D E. Kilpatrick     £5 1643   AS II (719) 1643 D=Douglas
Cartonvenach4 E. Kilpatrick carucate         Cartularium de Lev. pp 26-7 = Gartconnel
Gartconnel E. Kilpatrick     £5 1501   RMS II (2648)  
Dalmuir

 

W. Kilpatrick quarterland    

£5

 

1559

 

1:30

Cartularium de Lev. p 42

RMS IV (1365) 1559

 
E. or Little Kilbowie W. Kilpatrick     £5 1465   Paisley Rental pp lxx, lxxvi  
Auchinleck W. Kilpatrick     £5 1465   Paisley Rental p lxix  
Cochno W. Kilpatrick half-carucate 1234       RMP pp 165-6 Not the whole farm.
Kilsyth Kilsyth 1½ carucates 1217       Fraser, Lennox, II, No 202  
‘Church land’ Kirkintilloch half-carucate <1195       Reg. Cambuskenneth No 132  
‘Church land’ Kirkintilloch oxgate c. 1210       Reg. Cambuskenneth p xxx  
Wester Mains Kirkintilloch     £5 1598   CCEW (No 170)  
Auchinvole Kirkintilloch     £5 1654   AS II (853) 1654  
Easter Gartshore Kirkintilloch     £5 1623   AS II (160) 1623 But see notes in Kirkintilloch table.
Badenheath Kirkintilloch     £5 1546   GD8/137 1546  
Bannachra Luss     £5 1625   Retours (Dumbarton) (25) 1625  
Strone & Letter Luss     £5 1558   Fraser, Chiefs, I, pp 119-120  
Aiden Rosneath     £5 1568   ILP No’s 261-2  
Knokdorre-M’Kynne Rosneath     £5 1548   RMS IV (245) 1548  
Letrualt moir Row     £5 1545   RMS III  (3140) 1545  
unnamed Strathblane half-carucate c. 1240       Fraser, Lennox, II, No 7 =half-arachor
Mogadavacros Strathblane quarterland         Cartularium de Lev. pp 38-9 c. 1270-92
Mugdock-Michell Strathblane (quarterland) 1503

 

 

(£5)

 

1512

 

1:30

RMS II (2711) 1503

GD220/1/E/4/4/6 1512

 
Cuilt Strathblane     (£5) 1495   GS, Strathblane, p 81  

 

 

1 Killearn’s early half-carucate and later merkland valuations do not match. As a half-carucate we might expect it to be worth £10 Old Extent. Instead it is worth £5. I think the likeliest explanation for this is that in the intervening three centuries it had split into two quarterlands.

2 The 3 parts of Glenboig came to 15m in the 16th and 17th centuries so I think the conversion rate between arachors and merklands in Killearn matches the rest of Lennox.

3 in Gaelic ‘arachor’. See also Cartularium de Levenax, pp 38-9. See text file ‘Davachs in Lennox?’.

4 I think this is the same as Gartconnel – see under text file ‘Problem Names’ for full discussion. Gartconnel was later a £5 land which just means that a quarterland of the original carucate retained the name. The other three quarterlands are probably to be found among Gartconnel’s immediate neighbours.

 

 

Retours (Dumbarton) (19) 1617 and (75) 1684 both refer to 2 bovates of Gartness. The terms bovate and oxgate are generally absent from Lennox and since this evidence is relatively late I have omitted it from the above table.

 

Since the pennylands of Lennox are confined to (the old) Rosneath parish I have not entered them in the above table. See tables for Rosneath and Row parishes and ‘Pennylands in Lennox’ map for further details.

 

 

What conclusions can we draw from the above table?

There is enough evidence to be confident that, for most of Lennox, a carucate was £20 (30m) Old Extent and that a quarterland was £5. We have at least 10 concrete examples of this. It is also clear that an arachor, a carucate and a ploughland were, at least in the thirteenth and fourteenth centures, regarded as equivalent.

I am not sure that the situation in the western parishes of Luss and Arrochar was exactly the same. Here it is possible that a carucate was £40 OE.

 

I am also not sure that we have fully resolved the problem of Old Extent. In Eastern Cowal, Bute and Arran I think one pennyland or davach was worth 6m Old Extent. In much of the rest of mainland Argyll they were worth 4m Old Extent. There are parishes in Lennox (e.g. Kilmaronock & Row) where we are given a sense that 6m units (or multiples or divisions of 6m) were important. We also have a hint of this in some of the earliest charters and rents for Strathblane. £20 lands (and their divisions) are not universal. There is a sense in which we can see them as a sort of feudal overlay or combination. (Precisely the same could be said for the Clyde Islands, Cowal and Kintyre). Is it possible that £20 estates do not actually represent the oldest extent? That an arachor was originally valued at 6m some time between about 1136 and 1200 and subsequently revalued at £20? That although arachors remained consistent throughout Lennox, merklands did not? Unfortunately this creates yet further problems. If we have two properties valued in merklands – but with one of ‘older’ extent than its neighbour – then how can we compare them? How can we even be sure which extent a property is valued in?

 

In general terms the only fact we can really establish is that a carucate or arachor was, at some stage, valued at £20 or 30m. We may question whether this was the ‘oldest’ extent but on the basis of the data we have we can do no more.

 

 

 

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