Cardross Table

Cardross

Under Map Sources ‘IVL’ = Irving’s Map of the ‘Vale of Leven’ in Vol I of his ‘Book of Dumbartonshire’.

Name	Value	Date	Grid Ref	Map Sources	Other forms, comments etc
Dalquhurn (Upper)	£5 (7½m)	1559	NS 3878	Blaeu(Lennox) Ross (1777)	With Dalmuir (Kilpatrick) from 1545 as £10 (each £5) O(ver) & N(ether) in Blaeu. See below.
Cordale			NS 3978		See below.
Dalmoak	40s (3m)	1568-9	NS 3876	Blaeu(Lennox) Ross (1777)	3m (OE) in 1627, 1657, Dalmoykee(1568-9),Dalmowack (Blaeu). £4 13s 4d (7m) money rent in 1533.
Cardross	carucate	1315-21			RMS I (90) 1315-21. See below.
Mains of Cardross			c. NS 391766	OS (1860) RHP 41435	Manis (1536). See below under Cardross. OS 6″ 1st Series Dumbartonshire Sheet XXII 1860.
Kirktoun Kirkton Kirktonhill	£5 (7½m)	1528	NS 3875/3975   NS 3875	Blaeu(Lennox) OS (1860)	Seems to have contained Clerkhill from 1546. OE (1645). OS 6″ 1st Series Dumbartonshire Sheet XXII 1860.
Clarkhill			NS 381755	Blaeu(Lennox) IVL	Clerkhil in Blaeu(Lennox). Part of Kirktoun in 1546.
Castlehill			NS 3875/3876	Blaeu(Lennox) IVL
Ferryland	3s 4d (¼m)	1617	c. NS 3974		4 acres of Ferryland of Cardross. ‘Fareland’ or ‘Feryland’ in RMS III (188) 1519 on original of 1512.
Pillanflatt	40s (3m)	1622		Blaeu(Lennox)	Between Cardross & Dalquhurn (RMS I (117) 1362), Pelanyfflat (1362), Pillerflat (1536), Pillonflett(Blaeu), Pillenflatt (1666)
Hevock/Havock			NS 379753	Blaeu(Lennox) IVL	Heuack(Blaeu), Hevock(Roy)
Succoth	2m	1591	NS 3776/3777	Blaeu(Lennox)	Sococh(Blaeu), Sockoth(1591, 1641). See below.
Hawthornhill	20s (1½m)	1591	NS 376761	Blaeu(Lennox) RHP 41435 IVL, OS (1860)	Haithorn hill (Blaeu), Harthornhill(1647), Hawthornhill(1663),   OS 6″ 1st Series Dumbartonshire Sheet XXII 1860.
Lea Farm	(1½m?)		NS 3676	Ross (1777)	With Ardach & Cragend as £6 (9m) OE in 1512. Divided into Netherlie & Overlie.
Ardoch Ardochmore Ardochbeg East Ardoch West Ardoch	(3m)? 40s (3m)	1536	NS 3676   NS 375770	Blaeu(Lennox) IVL Blaeu & IVL     Ross (1777)	Roy(GM64), Ardoch (vel (or) Ardochbeg) 6m 4s (1676), Irving’s Ardochmore = Ardoch Farm now. See below. 40s (1538), 6¼m(1596), Roy(GM64) Roy(GM64) Roy(GM19) Ardach was with le Leis & Cragend as £6 (9m) OE in 1512.
Craigend	(1½m?)		NS 3577	Blaeu(Lennox)	With Ardach & le Leis as £6 (9m) OE in 1512
Above 3 farms	£6 (9m)	1512			Ardach, le Leis et Cragend (RMS II (3777))
Hole Wester Hole Easter Hole	10s (¾m)	1663	c. NS 3576 NS 359765	RHP 41435/IVL Roy(PC4)	= Hall of Blaeu(Lennox)? Hoill (1663) IVL marks Wester Hole ESE of Westerhill on Explorer 347. Also Roy(GM64)
Blairschelloch	2m	1591		Blaeu(Lennox)	See below and under Kellochy.
Walton	40s (3m)	1633	NS 3577	Blaeu(Lennox)	40s (1653, 1669), E(xtent) 6m 4d in Dumbarton Retours (69) 1676, Weltoun in Blaeu(Lennox).
Wallaceton	£5 (7½m)	1620	NS 3577	Blaeu(Lennox)	AS I (107). Walastoun (1620)
Spittle				Roy(PC4) Roy(GM64)	ENE of Walltoun. Fraser, Chiefs of Colquhoun, II, p 208, refers to Spittal of Kilmahew. I do not know if this is the same.
Auchenfroe			NS 3477	Roy(PC4) Roy(GM64) Ross(1777)	See Irving Vol II pp 318-319, Achinfroa (Roy) = Achinchro C. of Blaeu(Lennox)? Auchinfro (Ross).
Kipperoch Farm	£4 6s 8d (6½m)	1676	NS 3777	Blaeu(Lennox) Roy(GM64)	Kipperminschoch (1536), 2 Kipper (Blaeu) – Minshochs is given separately nearby, Kipperhunscheoch (1676)
Kellochy			NS 367772	Roy(PC4) Roy(GM64) RHP 41435/IVL	Kellachy (Roy). See under Blairschelloch below. RHP 41435 marks Kellochy N of Ardochmore and part of same farm. IVL marks Kellochy at NS 367772 – as does OS 6″ 1st Series, Dumbartonshire Sheet XXI (1857-60).
Kilmahew	£10 (15m) quarterland?	1625 c. 1294	NS 3578		Dumbarton Retours (25) 1625, AS II (909) 1655. Kilmeagdha (1225). See below.
Kirkton (of Kilmahew)			NS 3478
Milndovan	£5 (7½m)	1553	NS 3578/3579		Moyndon (RMS I App 2 p 535, Index A No 367 & Moyden in Index B No 14). Often with patronage of the chaplainry of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the parish church of Dumbarton.
Auchensail (High & Low)			NS 3479	Blaeu(Lennox) Ross(1777)	Irving II p 350 says this was part of Kilmahew estate.
Geilston	4m	1582	NS 3377	Roy(GM19, 64)	=Nether Ardardane M’Aulay (1643). See below under Ardardan.
Spittal   Spitle			c. NS 3377   NS 3477	Ross(1777)	‘lie Spittal vocata Ostellarie de Brigend’ Dumbarton Retours (100) 1582. Near Geilston. Ross marks Spitle between Gilstoune & Auchinfro.
Ardardan Ardardane-Noble =Mid Wester Ardardan (called Ardardan-Lyle)	6m 6m	1654 1654	NS 3378	Blaeu(Lennox)	Ardereran(1225). £8 Ardardane Nobill in RPC I pp 553-4 1567. Ardardane-Noble and Ardardane-Lyle are often together as £8 or 12m. See below.
Stukkedow-Nobill	1m	1608			With 6m Ardardane-Nobill in Dumbarton Retours (11) 1608. See under Row parish.
Lyleston			NS 3379	Blaeu(Lennox)	= Ardardan-Lyle
Blairhynnachra	53s 4d (4m)	1625	NS 3379	Blaeu(Lennox)	See below. See also below under Ardardan.
Balemeanoch	4m	1620	NS 3378	Blaeu(Lennox) Ross(1777)	Balemeanac(Blaeu). This is different to the one in Glen Fruin. See below under Ardardan.
Keppoch	quarterland £5 (7½m)	1353 1511-12	NS 3279	Roy(GM65)	‘quarteria terre … Keppach’ Fraser, Lennox II, No 20, p 24. £5 (1514, 1545). See below.
Colgrain	£5 (7½m)	1620	NS 3280	Blaeu(Lennox)	AS II (98) 1620. See below.
Spittal of Colgrain		1559			Irving (Vol II pp 326 & 330) refers to Spittal of Colgrain in 1559.
Camis Eskan	£7 (10½m)	1620	NS 3281	Blaeu(Lennox)	Mickle & Little in 1620. See below and under Colgrain.
Total	125½m

 

 

Dalquhurn

The farms of Dalquhurn in Cardross and Dalmuir in Kilpatrick are linked in the documentary records on a great many occasions. They were both owned by the Sprewl family and, as shown below, this ownership dated back to the time of Malcolm, earl of Lennox. They are consistently valued at £5 each or £10 together. Although I cannot quote evidence for these valuations before the mid sixteenth-century it seems reasonable to suppose that they had not changed from previous centuries. It is puzzling therefore that the following passages from the Cartularium de Levenax are not fully consistent with each other. The first states that the forinsec servive due from Dalquhurn was that which properly pertained to the third part of a quarterland. In the second the forinsec service due from Dalmuir is that which pertained to a quarter of a carucate. Since the farms had the same merkland assessment one would expect each of them to be classed as a quarterland and each due a quarterland’s forinsec service. For some reason Dalquhurn in Cardross escapes more lightly. I cannot explain this but I think they were both quarterlands.

 

Cartularium de Levenax pp 40-41, Malcolm, earl of Lennox to Walter Sprewl:

totam terram meam de Dalchorne … Faciendo … forinsecum servitium domini Regis .., quantum pertinet ad tertiam partem … unius quartarie terre in Levenax

(all my land of Dalchorne … doing … the king’s forinsec service – as much as pertains to ⅓ of a quarterland in Lennox).

 

Cartularium de Levenax p 42 , Malcolm, earl of Lennox to Walter Sprewl:

totam terram meam de Dalmore … Faciendo … forinsecum servitium domini Regis quantum pertinet ad quartam partem unius carucate terre in Levenax

(all my land of Dalmore … doing … the king’s forinsec service – as much as pertains to a quarter-carucate in Lennox).

 

Cordale

In the County Valuation of 1657 (Irving, The Book of Dumbartonshire, I, pp 263-5), Cordalls appears in both the parish of Dumbarton and the parish of Cardross.

 

Cardross

RMS I (90) 1315-21 refers to the lordship of a carucate of Cardross exchanged for the half of Leckie nearest to Boquhan (Stirlingshire). (See also Robertson’s Index p 8 No 90 & p 119 No 25). See further RRS VI (128) 1354, (176) 1358, GD1/91/1&2 and Fraser, Lennox, II, pp 409 (No 212) & 411 (No 214). It is important to remember that the above documents deal with the lordship (i.e. feudal superiority) of Cardross – which is stated to be a carucate.

 

The tenancy of Cardross, however, was held by the Grahams. RRS V (292 & 294) both dated 5/3/1326 refer to Sir David Graham being granted Old Montrose (Forfar/Angus). He was to render as much Scottish service as pertained to half a davach. RRS V (294) states this was in exchange for the land of Cardross. (See also RRS VI (229) 1360 which is a later inspection). I am not sure exactly how much of the carucate of Cardross the Grahams held.

 

Irving Vol II p 313 suggests Dalquhurn, Ardochbeg, Pillanflatt and Kipperminshock were probably in the royal park laid out by Bruce in connection with his establishment at Castlehill. On p 314 fn 1 he lists as Crown lands Dalmoak, Pillnaflatt, Kirkton and Clerkhill, Hawthornhill, Hoill, Blairshalloch, Kipperminshock, Succoth (? – for which see next entry) and Walton. To this we should probably add the Mains of Cardross. Most of these appear in RHP 41435 which is a Plan of the Estate of Ardoch dated 1885. In the table of the royal estate of Cardross I have excluded the value of Dalquhurn because I don’t think it was part of the crown-held carucate. If we add together the values of these farms we arrive at a figure of 29½m.

 

RMS III (1588) 1536 lists the constituent farms in a 22m estate of James V. These comprised ‘Manis’ (Mains – presumably of Cardross), half Kipperminschoch, Pillerflat, Soppothe (Succoth), Blairschelloche and Weltoun. These represent part of the estate described above. We might expect the full carucate of Cardross to be worth 30m.

 

Succoth

RRS V (293) is a charter to Sir David Graham dated 5/3/1326 (i.e. the same date as No’s 292 & 294 above under Cardross). Although Sokach’ is described as in the earldom of Carrick, AAM Duncan (the editor), is right that this must be a mistake for Lennox. However in the Index (p 769) the Grid Reference which is given is that for a different Succoth at the head of Loch Long. Given the other charters of the same date I am in no doubt it must be the Succoth in Cardross. However, since it is treated separately by charter, it does raise the question of whether it was part of the carucate of Cardross.

 

Ardoch

Second Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts p 167 No 25 gives a charter of 1382 by Simon of Moray to Patrick Graham of the lands of Ardochmoir in Dunbartonshire. See also RMS II (273) 1444.

When owned by Buntene family it was called Ardoche-Buntene or Ardoche-Bonteine. Robertson’s Index p 141 No 50 (Robert III) says Findlay Bunting had 6m of the barony of Cardross – presumably Ardoch.

 

Blairschelloch

Blairschelloche in RMS III (1588) 1536, Blairschelloch in RMS V (1868) 1591 & AS II (571) 1636, Blairshalloch in AS II (1110) 1663. RHP 41435 has a pencil note ‘Blairskelloch 1653 about here’ (by Whiteleys in NS 3876). Blaeu has Blairske / lach. The place-name was still known in the late 18th century – see Timperley p 115. However it is not on maps by Ross, Thomson or OS. Blaeu’s spelling makes me wonder if it became Kellochy.

 

Kilmahew

Cartularium de Levenax pp 91-92, King Alexander (II) confirmed on last day of May a.r. 12 (1226):

donationem illam, quam Maldovenus comes de Levenax fecit Hamelen filio comitis de Levenax, de … Kilmeagdha

(that gift which Maldowen earl of Lennox made to Hamelen, son of the earl of Lennox, (i.e. Hamelen was Maldowen’s brother), of … Kilmahew)

– amongst other lands.

 

Irving Vol II p 345 states that John Napier had a charter of the quarterland of Kylmethew from Malcolm, earl of Lennox, about the end of the thirteenth century. This is not from the Cartularium de Levenax but may be from OPS I p 27 where it is written:

“Before 1294, John Naper held Kilmahew of the Earl [of Lennox], … paying what is exigible for a quarter of land in Lennox, (reddendo quantum pertinet ad unum quarterium terre in Levenax)”. Footnote 4 gives ‘Charters of Kilmahew’ as the source.

 

RMS I App 1 No 129, a.r. 28 (1358) gives a grant of David II to William Naper:

unacum medietate medietatis terrarum de [Kilmahew] in qua capella de Kylinchek situatur

(with half of the half of the lands of [Kilmahew] (i.e. a quarterland?) in which the chapel of Kylinchek is situated).

The name in square brackets is supplied from App 2 Index B No 3 (p 600) which gives this as ‘the half lands of Killmahew where the chappel is situate’.

See also RRS VI p 215.

 

RMS III (3140) 1545 & RMS V (76) 1580 both give Kilmahew as 25m. This must have included other properties like Auchensail. The £10 (15m) valuation in Dumbarton Retours (25) 1625, (53) 1655, (57) 1662 (71) 1680 etc suggests a half-carucate rather than a quarterland.

 

Taking the above documents together it seems that Kilmahew was probably the name of what was originally a carucate and then became attached to particular parts of it.

 

Ardardan

Cartularium de Levenax pp 91-92, King Alexander (II) confirmed on last day of May a.r. 12 (1226)

donationem illam, quam Maldovenus comes de Levenax fecit Hamelen filio comitis de Levenax, de … Ardereran

(that gift which Maldowen earl of Lennox made to Hamelen, son of the earl of Lennox, (i.e. Hamelen was Maldowen’s brother), of …Ardardan)

– amongst other lands.

 

Cartularium de Levenax pp 46-47, Malcolm, earl of Lennox to Christiane & Margarete Dummond, daughters of John Drummond:

totam terram de Ardeureane et Ardenalochreth … per has divisas, scilicet a rivo qui dicitur Dligdeane usque ad rivolum qui dicitur Aldmolennich sicut descendit in mare, et Blarechecorrans et Blaremulen

(all the land of Ardeureane and Ardenalochreth … by these boundaries, that is from the burn called Dligdeane as far as the burn called Aldmolennich as it falls into the sea, and Blarechecorrans and Blaremulen).

I think Ardardan = Ardeureane. I cannot identify the other names but because ‘Aldmolennich’ falls into the sea the shoreline of Cardross is a likely option. It is possible that Blarechecorrans = Blairhynnachra.

 

According to Irving (p 309) Ardardan-Macaulay originally embraced all the Ardardans + Geilston, Drumhead & Ballimenoch. It could be that Ardardan-Macaulay included Geilston (4m), Blairhynnachra (=Drumhead, 4m) and Ballimenoch (4m) – making a total of 12 merklands; while Ardardane-Noble and Ardardan-Lyle made another 12 merklands. The whole of Ardardan would then be 24 merks making it large and important.

Guthrie Smith, Strathendrick, p 327, quotes ’12 merk land of Ardardan Makcawley’ with a common divided equally between Geilston, Blairhynnachra & Balemeanoch.

 

In addition to £8 Ardardane Nobill in RPC I pp 553-4 1567 there is also the 16m Arnekapill & Ardardane of Waltir Makkawlay. Arnekapill is Ardencaple

in Row parish – here linked with (part of?) Ardardan-Macaulay.

 

Blairhynnachra

This seems to have been part of Ardardan. It appears as Blairhenochann in Blaeu; Balhannachrie-Ardardane in Dumbarton Retours (101) 1583; Blairhinrane in Dumbarton Retours (21) 1618; Blairhynran in AS I (214) 1622; Blairhynnachra in Dumbarton Retours (25) 1625; Blairhynnochra-Ardarane in Dumbarton Retours (54) 1655; Blarchannochran-Arderdan in AS II (1105) 1663.

According to Irving (Vol II pp 231 & 308) it is now Drumhead.

Irving (p 231) claims Blairhenechan was 4m in 1552 according to a charter in the Drumhead writs.

Guthrie Smith, Strathendrick, p 327, quotes a 1552 document giving Blarehannachra Ardardan with garden as 5m OE.

 

Balemeanoch

This was also part of Ardardan (Dumbarton Retours (21) 1618) and was consistently 4m.

 

Keppoch, Colgrain, Camis Eskan

Cartularium de Levenax pp 93-94, in 1351 Donald, earl of Lennox, confirmed to Walter of Fosselane:

donationem illas et concessionem quas Malcolmus comes de Levenax fecit dedit et concessit Avileth domino de Fosselane, de terris de Keppach, de Culgrayane, de Camceskanys

(that gift and grant which Malcolm earl of Lennox made, gave and granted to Avileth, lord of Faslane of the lands of Keppoch, Colgrain, Camis Eskan).

 

Keppoch

Fraser, Lennox, II, No 20, p 24, 1353:

illa quarteria terre que vocatur Keppach super Lewin

(that quarterland which is called Keppoch above (i.e. west of) the Leven)

 

Colgrain

The whole Colgrain estate or lordship was £20 (RMS III (3140) 1545). RPC I pp 553-4 of 1567 implies that the £20 land of Colgrane also included Cantestanis (Camis Eskan), Camroun (Cameron – see under Bonhill parish) and Unthirdoname (Inverdonane – see under Auchindennan in Bonhill parish). Three of the four properties were valued at £5 – Camis Eskan being the exception at £7. However the valuations for Camis Eskan are all relatively late (17th century) which makes me wonder if, by then, that farm included another property. It seems likely that the £20 valuation of the sixteenth century represented a one-carucate holding made up of 4 separate quarterlands. These are not all contiguous. The estate was owned by a family whose name could be spelled in a wide variety of ways e.g. Donelsoun, Denzelstoun, Dennystoune, Dennistoun, Denniston.